The temporal pole (TP) has been proposed as an important site of seizure genesis within temporal lobe seizure networks 9,21. This vital structure helps process sensory input, including pain and auditory stimuli. The temporal pole: From anatomy to function-A literature appraisal Historically, the anterior part of the temporal lobe was labelled as a unique structure named Brain Area 38 by Brodmann or Temporopolar Area TG by Von Economo, but its functions were unknown at that time. 2. either one of two points that have opposite physical qualities (electric or other). Participants completed an assessment of past and future thinking across personal . A 980 nm/15 w diode laser (Visualase, Medtronic) was used to ablate all six trajectories, with the intention of confluent ablation of the medial temporal structures (extending posteriorly to the landmark of the lateral mesencephalic sulcus), as well as temporal pole, basal temporal lobe, and lateral temporal lobe extending 5 cm from the . The entire visible temporal lobe is hypometabolic. The superior temporal gyrus is bounded by: the lateral sulcus above;; the superior temporal sulcus (not always present or visible) below;; an imaginary line drawn from the preoccipital notch to the . The temporal lobes lie below the frontal lobes and the parietal lobes. It was also noted that anterior perirhinal cortex was likely affected in the region of the temporal pole. The auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe. Future studies are needed to . The temporal lobes are the second largest lobe of the human cerebrum, accounting for 22% of the overall brain's volume, and are associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language. A . Parts of the fusiform gyrus are more strongly activated by viewing faces . Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or . The temporal pole participates in pain processing by mediating affective responses to painful stimuli and by acting as . The continuous release of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) facilitates more brain relaxation . Going from the more dorsal to the more ventral, these are the superior temporal . It has a primary visual cortex to interpret visual information. The findings add to growing evidence for bilateral temporal lobe involvement in language (12, 21). This is the lobe that is credited . spigelian lobe caudate lobe. frontal pole the most prominent part of the anterior end . With regard to other primates, the temporal lobe is the largest in humans representing about 17% of the cerebral cortex . The fMRI results showed that restudy induced item-specific neural representations at encoding in the left occipital pole, but reduced neural overlap between semantic representations at encoding in the left temporal pole. Hence, the temporal lobe is the area of the brain that helps us to understand the sound such as musical notes and speech. The location of the TP was identified on each participant, and the scalp location directly above this site was marked with a permanent marker. See more. 15.4 and 15.5. The temporal pole . PET-MRI co-registration with color-scale FDG tracer in a coronal plane at a temporal pole level that is similar to Figs. Recent imaging techniques have confirmed that the loss of grey/white matter demarcation in the temporal pole of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis is not due to imaging artefacts, thus corroborating the hypothesis that epilepsy may depend on a more widespread temporal lobe disturbance (Meiners et al., 1994, 1999; Mitchell et al., 1999; Moran et al., 2001; Kahane et . In this study, we describe the first reported cases of TPB diagnosed by a recently described MRI sequence .
Herein, we analyzed the clinical, neurophysiologic, and radiologic features of the epilepsy found in 22 patients with STPE, and the frequency of STPE in patients with refractory focal epilepsy (RFE). 2010), including the temporal pole and the anterior portions of all temporal gyri (Binney et al. 9-16 Although these atrophy patterns are some-what distinct, there is considerable anatomic overlap between the 2 . There are many . The temporal lobe, which interacts with these structures, also plays a role in memory, helping to form long-term conscious memory. The official name for these distressing . Temporal pole definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. temporal lobe a long tongue-shaped process that is the lower lateral portion of each cerebral hemisphere. Request PDF | Temporal pole MRI abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates an abnormal aspect of the temporo-polar region in 1/3 to 2/3 of patients . The anatomy of the temporal lobe can be divided into four surfaces: lateral, inferior (or basal), superior (or Sylvian), and medial (Fig. The brains of all mammals, including people, contain four lobes in the cortex, including the occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes. One poorly understood entity, the so-called temporal pole blurring (TPB), is one of the more frequently described neocortical abnormalities in TLE and is thought to represent dysmyelination and axonal loss due to chronic electrical perturbations in early age-onset temporal lobe epilepsy. A Biblioteca Virtual em Sade uma colecao de fontes de informacao cientfica e tcnica em sade organizada e armazenada em formato eletrnico nos pases da Regio Latino-Americana e do Caribe, acessveis de forma universal na Internet de modo compatvel com as bases internacionais. The temporal lobes, are the part of the cerebral cortex in the left and right hemispheres of the brain lying inside the temples. Macroscopically the hemispheres are roughly mirror images of each other, with only subtle differences, such as . The central sulcus is a prominent fissure which separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex. This includes states of sexual arousal, anxiety levels and appetite, among others. The temporal pole is an anatomical landmark that corresponds to the anterior end of the temporal lobe , lying in the middle cranial fossa . Comparison of pair-wise connections revealed a marked reduction of connectivity between left TLE patients and controls, which was strongly lateralized to the ipsilateral temporal lobe. Riedel's lobe an anomalous tongue-shaped mass of tissue projecting from the right lobe of the liver in some individuals. Other symptoms may include problems . Individual differences in these two encoding neural mechanisms were correlated with the behavioral measure of false memory, with greater restudy-induced representational . The outer surface of the temporal lobes is called the neocortex. Intracerebral recording studies with concurrent recording of hippocampus and TP suggest that the TP becomes involved in seizures either concurrently or before the hippocampus in approximately 50% of patients 9 . Input for the Limbic and Para-Limbic cortex. Extrapolation from evidence in nonhuman primates (Padberg et al., 2003) suggests that there are likely to be reciprocal connections along the length of the human STS; and infarction of the posterior temporal lobe has been shown to have functional effects on intact anterior temporal cortex (Crinion et al., 2006).
Subsequent work also identified atrophy in anterolateral The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.. The word temporal refers to the temples of the head, which relates to their positioning in the cerebrum. These analyses revealed a graded effect along the posterior-anterior axis of the ventral temporal lobe, with the highest degree of similarity in bilateral ventral temporal pole (this anatomic region is illustrated in Fig. Temporal lobe definition, the lateral lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, in front of the occipital lobe. temporal pole: [ pl ] 1. either extremity of any axis, as of the fetal ellipse or a body organ. Studies of semantic dementia patients and some functional neuroimaging studies indicate that the anterior temporal lobes, bilaterally, are the core neural substrate for the formation of semantic representations. Functional MRI studies have shown that the posterior part of the ventral temporal lobe is activated by the passive viewing of object images (Tanaka 1998). The temporal lobe lies below the Sylvian fissure in both hemispheres of the human brain and comprises a number of different regions (Figure 1).The outer surface, which is called the neocortex (referring to its relatively recent evolutionary history), can be divided into the inferior, middle, and superior temporal gyri; the occipitotemporal gyrus; and the temporal pole. Specifically, infero-lateral cortex and temporal pole were strongly affected, and so was the perisylvian cortex. The temporal pole is the most rostral part of the temporal lobe. 19, 33, 35, 36, 38, 94, 95 Of interest, FCDs appear to be more common in studies that do either a selective review or resection of the temporal pole or lateral temporal lobe (Table 3). TEMPORAL LOBE PRESENTOR:- DR VIRINCHI SHARMA MODERATOR:- Dr. V S RAJ 1 2. These symptoms may include forgetfulness, problems with speech and language (especially understanding what is being said by others) and problems with vision. The frontal pole is one of the three poles of the brain (along with the occipital pole and temporal pole ), and corresponds to the anterior most rounded point of the frontal lobe. The hippocampal formation, on the medial side of the lobe, includes the parahippocampal gyrus, subiculum, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and associated white matter, notably the fimbria, whose fibres . The damage involves the anterior 7 cm of the left temporal lobe, the anterior 5 cm of the right temporal lobe, and includes all of the amygdala, all of the hippocampal region, all of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, and much of parahippocampal cortex (85% on the left and 59% on the right). parahippocampal gyrus. There are three known poles of the cerebral hemispheres: the occipital pole, the frontal pole, and the temporal pole. This hypothesis remains controversial, however, as . Anatomists have long considered it part of an extended limbic system based on its location posterior to the orbital frontal cortex and lateral to the amygdala, along with its tight connectivit Not . The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes. Post hoc comparison of temporal pole white . We performed an . The comparisons between normalized white matter T1 and DMI values of the temporal pole (ipsi- vs. contralateral to the HS, NC) are presented in Tables 1, 2, and Fig. Hypermotor seizures are considered to be characteristic of frontal lobe epilepsy, with only rare occurrence in temporal lobe epilepsy. This was performed in regions of interest along the ventral temporal lobe, and in whole-brain searchlight analyses. Temporal pole encephaloceles (TPEs) have been recently recognized as a relatively common cause of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) [], being found in around 5% of patients with TLE and in up to 24% of patients with TLE in whom an initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was informed as normal [2, 3].Besides recent research characterizing the main clinical features of epilepsy associated with TPEs . We reviewed all patients who underwent presurgical evaluation for drugresistant . Look it up now! The ATL site was defined as the region 10 mm posterior from the tip of the left temporal pole along the middle temporal gyrus. The function of the anterior-most portion of the temporal lobes, the temporal pole, is not well understood. The lateral sulcus separates the temporal and parietal lobes. The inferior temporal gyrus is one of three gyri of the temporal lobe and is located below the middle temporal gyrus, connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus.This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing .
2010). The damage in these patients involve the most posterior part of the inferior temporal lobe in the left hemisphere. The dis- lateral temporal lobe, the cingulum, the corpus callosum and the appearance of selected axonal tract(s) might be secondary to a external capsule of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hip- dysmyelination process caused by repetitive abnormal firing within pocampal sclerosis (Arfanakis et al., 2002; Gross et al., 2006; the temporal lobe, a hypothesis that is supported by findings . Since the temporal lobe processes emotions and plays an important role in short-term memory, damage to this area of the brain can result in unique symptoms. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. In 13 patients, MRI showed evidence of hippocampal sclerosis and a blurring of the temporal pole on the same side. ROIs identified in the frontal lobe included areas of the orbitofrontal (areas 12o and 13 l), dorsolateral (46 v), ventrolateral (area 46 v, area 12, and area 12r) and premotor cortex (area 6), as well as insular and gustatory cortex. It corresponds to Brodmann area 38 and has strong connections with the amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex, and is sometimes recognized as a component of paralimbic region, although it is not well . the temporal pole, which constitutes the most rostral part of the temporal lobe, is a complex structure from a cytoarchitectural and functional perspective, which has been associated with various psychiatric and neurological diseases, such as alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, temporal lobe epilepsy, schizophrenia, and many This seems to hold true for studies using 1.5T and 3T MRI in their selection of MRI-negative cases. Methods. Temporal Lobe. It is responsible for speech comprehension. The temporal lobe is a particularly complex brain area involved in a diversity of functions, some of which include auditory, olfactory, memory, vestibular, visual, and linguistic processing [1, 2].